For general information about E. coli O157:H7, please
see below for Frequently Asked Questions. If you are experiencing symptoms of
E. coli O157:H7 infection, please seek medical care as soon as possible.
Cases of suspect and confirmed E. coli O157:H7, hemolytic uremic syndrome, or
positive shiga toxin testing results should be reported to Orange County Public
Health at 714-834-8180 immediately.
Information about E.
coli, previous outbreaks, and related resources
What is E. coli O157:H7?
E. coli O157:H7 is one strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli)
bacteria. In general, E. coli bacteria can be found in the intestines of
healthy humans and animals worldwide and are usually harmless, although some
people may get urinary tract infections, traveler’s diarrhea, or rarely
bloodstream or other infections from these bacteria. E. coli O157:H7,
however, makes a toxin (called shiga toxin) that can cause severe illness,
including bloody diarrhea and a complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome
(see below).
What are signs and symptoms of E. coli O157:H7 infection?
Symptoms of E. coli O157:H7 usually start 3-4 days (range 1-8 days) after
exposure to the bacteria. People with E. coli O157:H7 infection may have
bloody diarrhea or sometimes non-bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain or
cramps, fever, or no symptoms. Most cases resolve in 5 to 10 days. The most
serious complication is hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) which occurs in less
than 10% of infected persons, usually children under age 5 years and elderly
persons. Patients with HUS may develop kidney failure and anemia (low blood
count) because of destruction of the blood cells. Approximately 3-5% of patients
with HUS die. The kidney failure can last for life; other lifelong complications
of E. coli O157:H7 infection include high blood pressure and seizures.
How is E. coli O157:H7 infection spread?
E. coli O157:H7 lives in the intestines of some healthy cattle. People
are usually infected with E. coli O157:H7 by eating a food item that is
contaminated with this bacteria and not cooked enough to kill the bacteria. Food
items implicated in previous human infections include ground beef (raw or
undercooked), sprouts, unpasteurized milk or juice, and lettuce. This bacteria
can also be passed from an infected person to another person if hands are not
washed properly after bowel movements or changing diapers. Rarely, infection has
been acquired from swimming in a pool or other body of water contaminated by the
stool of an infected person.
How is E. coli O157:H7 infection diagnosed?
This infection is diagnosed by sending a stool specimen for a special type
of culture to detect this organism. Routine stool cultures will not pick up this
bacteria. Additional testing of the stool is available to see if the shiga toxin
is present.
How is E. coli O157:H7 infection treated?
Most infections subside without treatment in 5-10 days. Antibiotics may not
improve the course of disease, and may possibly lead to more complications.
Anti-diarrheal drugs, such as loperamide (Imodium®), which interfere with the
motility of the intestines, should be avoided. People with HUS may need blood
transfusions and/or dialysis for kidney failure.
How do I prevent E. coli O157:H7 infections?
Cook ground beef and hamburger thoroughly. Because ground beef can turn brown
before disease-causing bacteria are killed, cook until a digital instant-read
meat thermometer inserted into several parts of the patty, including the
thickest part, reads at least 160°F. Persons who cook ground beef without using
a thermometer can decrease their risk of illness by not eating ground beef
patties that are still pink in the middle. All items that have come in contact
with bloody juices from the beef should be washed immediately; other food items
contaminated with these juices should be thoroughly cooked as well.
Wash fruits and vegetables, especially those that will not be cooked, thoroughly
under running water. Even if you plan to peel the produce before eating it, it
is still wise to wash it first.
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling raw
fruits and vegetables.
Drink milk, juice, or cider only if it has been pasteurized. Avoid wellwater or
other untreated water sources.
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after bowel movements or changing
diapers.
Avoid swallowing lake or pool water while swimming.
Avoid swimming in public pools or lakes or bathing with others if you have
diarrhea.
Additional information
For additional information on Escherichia coli O157:H7, please see:
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escherichiacoli_g.htm.
