Not since the early days of the AIDS epidemic has there been such an increase in the transmission of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Syphilis, if caught early, can be successfully treated. Untreated, syphilis can lead to serious health problems, including death. "Although the number of syphilis cases is not as large as in the mid-nineties, we are still seriously concerned about the recent increase," said Dr. Mark Horton, County Health Officer and Deputy Agency Director/Public Health Services. "Unprotected sex can transmit syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases as well as increase the risk of HIV transmission."

The most recent outbreak has been traced to patrons of four local bars serving the gay community, primarily Latino men. This recent trend toward a relapse to risky behaviors, especially in men who engage in sexual behavior with other men, underscores the need to balance optimism about HIV treatment successes with the continued reality that people are still becoming infected with HIV and that HIV/AIDS is not a curable disease. The Health Care Agency is currently working with these establishments to educate their customers about the risks of STDs and how to prevent infection. "People should understand that STDs are transmitted through sexual contact; anyone who engages in unprotected sexual activity is at risk of infection," said Dr. Penny Weismuller, STD Controller for the Orange County Health Care Agency.

This recent outbreak also highlights the need for continued education about HIV/AIDS prevention to the gay community. "Since HIV disease is also transmitted through sexual contact, it is reasonable to believe that the increase in syphilis could lead to increases in HIV infection as well. There must be a continued cautionary message that unprotected sex can transmit syphilis and other STDs and increase the risk of HIV infection," said Dr. Weismuller. This outbreak has signaled an immediate call to action. The Health Care Agency is working cooperatively with community agencies providing HIV/STD interventions as well as with health care providers to educate people at risk and prevent new infections of all STDs.

Initially, syphilis may cause a genital lesion followed in a few weeks by a body rash. When diagnosed and treated in its early stages, syphilis can be cured with antibiotics. Left untreated, in its later stages, syphilis can damage vital organs like the brain and heart and even cause death. It is important that people understand that the consequences of untreated syphilis are serious. Individuals at risk of infection, or who believe they may be infected, should consult their doctor or contact the Health Care Agency and get tested and, if infected, receive treatment. Persons with questions should not hesitate to call the Health Care Agency Special Diseases Clinic at (714) 834-8593.